Tactics are the activities you use to influence your (primary/ secondary) target in order to achieve your goal. Escalation tactics are sequenced in a strategic way. It is important to agree on both before you begin your campaign. Another important definition is Action. The activist and author Rinku Sen defines this as: “a face-to face confrontation between your constituency and an individual target over a specific demand.” A tactic should be simple or time-bound; that could be simple action over a period of time; lots of actions in a short period of time. Effective tactics that have been used by local groups in the past include: posting contradictions or inconsistencies in course materials or textbooks on social media; walk-outs; boycotts; marches; and more. Unfortunately, no matter how well-planned our tactics are, it might be that the decision-maker still doesn’t make the change that you want. In that case, it’s important to ‘escalate’ our activities.