Location: California

A series of 4 rapid message tests to gain an understanding about what messages persuade people that renewable energy is reliable and affordable. Includes a national test, and tests among Californians, Texas Republicans, and those in PJM RTO territory (DE, IL, IN, KY, MD, MI, NJ, NC, OH, PA, TN, VA, WV, DC). Among other findings, a message on the lower costs of renewable energy was the only of 10 national messages to increase beliefs that renewable energy would lower utility bills; a message warning people that fossil fuel companies are spreading disinformation actually backfired (making people believe that renewable energy would INCREASE costs), and an opposition message (that renewable energy is not reliable) did not change views on whether renewable energy would affect costs.