The Effects of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail on Voter Tunrout: A Field Experiment
One of the seminal studies of the influence of face-to-face contact on voter turnout, this paper from 2000 by Alan Gerber and Donald Green shows that in-person contact substantial increases voter turnout, while the effect of direct mail is slight, and that of live phonecalls is nonexistent. This randomized controlled trial of 30,000 voters in Connecticut showed statistically significant effects of canvassing, results that have been replicated several times since this study was published. The authors also claim support for their hypothesis that the long-term decline in voter turnout observed to that point was due in part to the decline in face-to-face political mobilization.